Hipertensão arterial sistêmica em idosos do município de Tubarão, SC – Brasil: estudo populacional / Hypertension in elderly individuals from a city of Santa Catarina: a population-based study

Fundamentos: O envelhecimento é um fenômeno de realidade mundial. Com a senilidade da população, háaumento da prevalência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e, entre elas, a hipertensão arterial sistêmica(HAS) é a mais prevalente.Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica e os fatores associados em idosos residentes nomunicípio de Tubarão, SC, Brasil.Métodos: Estudo transversal, de base populacional, realizado com idosos (≥60 anos) residentes na cidade deTubarão, SC, Brasil, no período de setembro de 2010 a maio de 2011. Realizada entrevista e posterior aferição dapressão arterial (PA), peso e altura. As variáveis analisadas foram: sexo, faixa etária, escolaridade, etnia, alcoolismo, tabagismo, obesidade, atividade física e história familiar. Foi considerado hipertenso o idoso com níveis pressóricos≥140/90mmHg ou aquele em uso de medicação anti-hipertensiva. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 805 idosos dos quais 699 (86,8%) considerados hipertensos. Destes, 56,2% apresentaram hipertensão arterial sistólica isolada. Todos os idosos com faixa etária ≥80 anos apresentavam hipertensão. As variáveis estatisticamente significativas foram idade, etnia, obesidade e história familiar de HAS. Conclusão: A prevalência da hipertensão arterial em idosos foi superior à encontrada em pesquisas realizadas anteriormente na cidade de Tubarão, SC. Os fatores associados à HAS foram: idade avançada, etnia não branca,presença de obesidade e história familiar positiva.

Background: Aging is a global phenomenon. With population aging, there is an increase in the prevalence of non-transmissible chronic diseases, among which systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is the most prevalent one. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension and associated factors in elderly individuals from the city of Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil.Methods: Population-based cross-sectional study conducted with elderly individuals (≥ 60 years old) living in the city of Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil, from September 2010 to May 2011. The individuals were interviewed and had their blood pressure (BP), weight and height checked. The variables analyzed were sex, age group, education level, ethnicity, alcoholism, smoking, obesity, physical activity and family history. Elderly individuals with blood pressure levels ≥140/90 mmHg or those using anti-hypertensive medication were considered hypertensive. Results: A total of 805 elderly individuals were interviewed, of which 699 (86.8%) were considered hypertensive. Of these, 56.2%had isolated systolic hypertension. All elderly individuals aged ≥ 80 had hypertension. The statistically significant variables were age, ethnicity, obesity and family history of hypertension. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension in elderly individuals was higher than that reported in research studies carried out inthe city of Tubarão, Santa Catarina. The factors associated with hypertension were older age, non white ethnicity, presence of obesity and positive family history.

Avaliação da função renal em idosos: um estudo de base populacional / Assessment of kidney function in the elderly: a population-based study

Introdução: A doença renal crônica (DRC) atinge todas as faixas etárias e sua prevalência tem aumentando nos últimos anos. A DRC é dividida em seis estágios de acordo com o grau de função renal do paciente: 1. Função renal normal sem lesão renal; 2. Fase de lesão com função renal normal; 3. Fase de insuficiência renal funcional ou leve; 4. Fase de insuficiência renal laboratorial ou moderada; 5. Fase de insuficiência renal clínica ou grave; 6. Fase terminal de insuficiência renal crônica. Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a função renal dos pacientes idosos e presença de fatores associados a estas alterações. Métodos: Estudo transversal de base populacional. Foram estudados idosos entre setembro de 2010 e maio de 2011. A função renal foi avaliada pela creatinina sérica, sendo estimada a taxa de filtração glomerular pela fórmula de CKD-EPI. Resultados: Foram estudados 822 idosos, sendo 61,6% mulheres, 92,2% brancos e a maioria tinha entre 60-69 anos (61,0%). Com relação à taxa de filtração renal, 26,2% tinham a taxa normal, 60,2% discreta diminuição, 13,0% moderada diminuição, 0,5% dano renal grave e 0,1% insuficiência renal. A idade mais avançada foi associada a dano renal pela diminuição da taxa de filtração glomerular (p < 0,001). Além disso, foram fatores associados de forma independente a diminuição da taxa de filtração renal a obesidade, hipertensão arterial sistêmica e tabagismo. Conclusão: A grande maioria dos idosos estudados tinha algum dano renal, mesmo que considerado discreto, e 13,6% tinha disfunção de grau moderado ou superior. .

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects all age groups, and its prevalence has increased during recent years. CKD is divided into six stages, according to the renal function of patients: 1. Normal renal function without kidney damage; 2. Kidney damage with normal renal function; 3. Mild renal insufficiency; 4. Moderate renal insufficiency or lab tests failure; 5. Severe renal insufficiency or clinical failure; 6. End stage of chronic renal failure. Objective: This study was intended to assess renal function in elderly patients and identifying the presence of factors associated with those changes. Methods: A cross-sectional population-based study was performed. Elderly patients were surveyed between September 2010 and May 2011. Kidney function was assessed by determining of serum creatinine, and estimation of the glomerular filtration rate by the CKD-EPI equation. Results: In all, 822 elderly were surveyed; 61.6% were women; 92.2% were Causasian; and most (61.0%) were aged between 60 and 69 years. With regard to the glomerular filtration rate, 26.2% had a normal rate; 60.2% showed a slight decrease; 13.0% a moderate decrease; 0.5% severe kidney function decline; and 0.1% extreme fall. Increasing age was associated with kidney damage by decreased glomerular filtration rate (p < 0.001). In addition, obesity, hypertension and smoking were factors independently associated with reduced glomerular filtration rates. Conclusion: This study found that the great majority of the surveyed elderly had some mild kidney damage, and 13.6% showed moderate to severe dysfunction. .

Prevalence and factors associated with HCV infection among elderly individuals in a southern Brazilian city

Introduction Few Latin American studies have assessed the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in elderly individuals, in whom the highest rates are expected. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of and factors associated with HCV infection in elderly residents in the municipality of Tubarão, Santa Catarina. Methods This cross-sectional study included 820 individuals (aged ≥ 60 years) who were selected by simple random sampling. The presence of anti-HCV antibodies was tested by chemiluminescence, and HCV RNA detection was performed for the anti-HCV-reactive subjects. Those individuals who were anti-HCV reactive but had undetectable HCV RNA levels were tested using a third-generation recombinant immunoblot assay. The variables were compared using the chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test, and those variables with p < 0.05 were included in the logistic regression model. Results The mean patient age was 68.6 years (SD 7.0 years); 39% were men, and 92% were Caucasian. Eighteen subjects were anti-HCV positive. Among these individuals, 4 were characterized as false-positives, leaving 14 (1.7%) individuals with confirmed infections for analysis. HCV infection was associated with an age older than 65 years, households with 3 or more residents and the previous transfusion of blood products. In the logistic regression analysis, the following variables were independently associated with HCV infection: households with 3 or more residents (OR 7.9, 95% CI 1.7–35.9, p = 0.008) and previous blood transfusion (OR 6.2, 95% CI 2.1–18.6, p = 0.001). Conclusions The HCV prevalence in the elderly population in the municipality of Tubarão was higher than that found in previous studies of blood donors in the same region. Although exposure to contaminated blood products remained important, other transmission routes, such as household transmission, could play a role in HCV infection. .

Prevalência de sintomas depressivos em pacientes internados em enfermarias de clínica médica de um hospital geral no Sul de Santa Catarina / Prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients admitted to clinical sector in a general hospital in the South of Santa Catarina

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A depressão, segundo estimativas da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), acomete 4% da população mundial. A morbimortalidade associada à depressão pode ser prevenida com o tratamento correto. Em pacientes internados,a prevalência de síndrome depressiva gira em torno de 15% a 56%. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a prevalência e a gravidade de sintomas depressivos diagnosticados, bem como avaliar o uso de psicofármacos em pacientes adultos de ambos os sexos internados em enfermarias de clínica médica de um hospital geral. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, utilizando a Escala para Depressão de Hamilton e avaliação de prontuários, durante um mês. Os dados foram processados e analisados no programa Epi-info6.0. A magnitude de associação utilizada foi a razão de prevalência. Ointervalo de confiança adotado para inferência estatística foi de 95%. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados consecutivamente 201 indivíduos,87 homens (43,3%), e 114 mulheres (56,7%); com idade variando de 18 a 96 anos. A média de idade foi de 56,3 anos (DP ± 17).A prevalência de depressão leve foi de 47,3%, depressão moderada 5% e grave foi de 1%. O sexo masculino apresentou prevalência de depressão de 47,1%; enquanto no sexo feminino, a prevalência foi de 57,9%. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de sintomas depressivos em enfermarias de clínica médica de um hospital geral foi de 53,3%. Dos pacientes estudados com sintomas depressivos, 43,6% não apresentavam prescrição de psicofármacos.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Depression, according to estimates by the World Health Organization (WHO), affects 4% of world population. Morbidity and mortality associated with depression can be prevented with proper treatment in most cases. In hospitalized patients, the prevalence of depressive syndrome is around 15% to 56%. The aim of this study was identify the prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms diagnosed by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and evaluates the use of psychotropic drugs in adult patients of both sexes admitted to clinical sector in a general hospital. METHOD: We conducted a cross-sectional study, using interview based on the Hamilton Depression Scale, and assessment of medical records in one month period. The data were processed and analyzed using Epi-info 6.0. The measured intensity ratio used was the prevalence ratio. The confidence interval for statistical inference was 95%. RESULTS: This study assessed 201 patients consecutively, 87 men (43.3%) and 114 women (56.7%) aged 18 to moderate depression was 5% and 1% was severe. Males had a prevalence of depression of 47.1%, while among females, the prevalence was 57.9%. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of depressive symptoms in a clinical sector of a general hospital was 53.3%. It was found that 43.6% of the patients studied with depression symptoms had no psychotropic prescription.